Benedict Anderson
Kate Liu 9/20, 96 
  1. 背景－ 
      2. Guibernau的分類－三種國家理論 
      1. Romanticism-the immutable character of nationalism 
      2. Nationalism in terms of modernization 
      3. the psychological theories--Anderson
    • Anderson: Marxism intersects with post-colonialism
    Imagined Communities 大綱 
      國家／主義的定義： 
      1. 國家的矛盾性﹔ 
      2. 國家主義非意識型態 (p. 5) 
      3. 國家﹣Imagined communities, 2. Limited, 3. Sovereign (p. 6)
    1. 國家與傳統文化團體的不同(pp. 14-15; *p. 19)
      2. 宗教和皇朝
      --1) a particular script-language offered privileged access to ontological truth

      --2) society naturally organized around and under high centers（有階級的、向心的；而非平面的、指向疆界的） 
      --3) a conception of temporality in which cosmology and history were indistinguishable.
      時間觀念－p. 24-26 
      1) The Origins of National Consciousness－print capitalism, which
       a.) created and disseminated printed materials such as books and newspapers (e.g. p. 34-35),

      b.) fixed a vernacular language as the national language, and 
      c.) helped changed the concept of 'simultaneity'�'homogeneous, empty time'
      2) other aspects of modernity: secular rationalism, disintegration of older cultural communities, techonology (e.g. transportation), 
      歷史上現代國家形成的四個階段／形式
       1) creole pioneer of the Americas (1760-1830);

      2) popular nationalism (1820-1920)－in Europe; 
      3) Official nationalism－e.g. Russification, Anglicization--concealed a discrepancy between nation and dynastic realm. 
      4) the last wave (*p. 113)
  2. 重要性﹣﹣定義國家的時間、空間；分析印刷﹣資本主義（以及人口調查、地圖、博物館）如何建構國家

    3.  

    可爭論議題 
    1. his "modullar" view of the history of modern nations－e.g. Chartterjee (p. 113) 
    2. his view of nationalism﹔過分強調其為自然的自我犧牲或印刷﹣資本主義的重要，忽略政府的操作(e.g. Dissanayake, Balakrishnan)*p. 148,49, 50, 53.
  3. 例子--維多利亞小說的敘述者 2.台灣的報紙（解報禁之前、後）、氣象報告 

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