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後現代歷史與台灣國家主體建構︰以侯孝賢為例


前言︰在十九世紀前﹐歷史與文學同屬Literature.二者向來就有糾葛﹐也有許多比較二者異同.
如亞里斯多德《詩學》︰"...the difference lies in the fact that the historian speaks of what has happened, the poet of the kind of thing that can happen.  Hence also poetry is a more philosophical and serious business than history; for poetry speaks more of universals, history of particulars."

1.但是後現代歷史文學﹐如同後現代主義﹐質疑大敘述(它的虛構--文飾、掩蓋或扭曲--以及所隱含的意識形態﹚﹐寫實主義、認知主體的完整單一性﹐凸顯多元小敘述和語言的建構性.

歷史後設小說﹐為了顯示歷史的建構性與傳統歷史的盲點﹐

  1. 質疑歷史真相再現:
  2. 質疑歷史的大敘述或單線敘述:
2.後現代大眾文化中歷史的風靡
  1. 懷舊風︰服飾、裝潢(Pop Art 的流行)、電影(《人間四月天》、《夜奔》、Back to Future, Blue Velvet, Hot Shot
  2. 虛擬歷史︰《阿干正傳》、Blade Runner
  3. 歷史快速呈現︰SNG, 歷史上的今天﹐各種20 世紀的回顧﹐當代的歷史敘述.

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I.傅柯的後現代歷史觀

II.結合傅柯與Homi Bhabha 的國家敘述理論(Bhabha, Homi. "DissemiNation: Time, Narrative, and the Margins of the Modern Nation.")

"In the production of the nation as narration there is a split between the continuist, accumulative temporality of the pedagogical, and the repetitious, recursive strategy of the performative.  " (145).  "The pedagogical founds its narrative authority in a tradition of the people, .  . .encapsulated in a succession of historical moments that represents an eternity produced by self-generation.  The performative intervenes in the sovereignty of the nation's self-generation by casting a shadow between the people as 'image' and its signification as a differentiating sign of Self, distinct from the Other of the Outside.    (146-47)
國家歷史敘述中也有分裂四散的話語和聲明﹐也有可以提供不同詮釋的符號.分裂四散的話語和符號可以建構國家想像主體.


III.侯孝賢的台灣三部曲︰悲情城市戲夢人生好男好女

三部影片時間重疊︰

  1. 悲情城市︰1945-1949 (實際涵蓋時間更廣)
  2. 戲夢人生︰台灣割讓給日本人﹔1910李天祿出生-台灣光復.
  3. 好男好女︰1937 蔣碧玉認識鍾浩東﹐1940 赴大陸.-1949 被捕﹐-1950 年十月十四日鍾浩東被殺﹐臨刑前〈幌馬車之歌〉響起.


  三部影片符號的重疊︰李天祿、〈幌馬車之歌〉、弟子戲、流氓(世家)、吃飯

I.悲情城市︰

II.戲夢人生︰ III.好男好女: