1. 基本文法說明
Weather是「天氣」的意思，即「一時一地的大氣狀況」，是當時、地的氣壓、風速、降雨量…等的總和。如：The weather will be bad tomorrow. (明天天氣將會是不好的。)

Climate是「氣候」的意思，即「在某一地區常見的大氣狀況。」如：The climate of the mountain areas in Taiwan is good for tea. (台灣山區的氣候適合種植茶葉。)

一般而言， weather後常接的是「時間點」，以明確指出天氣的時間。而climate則常接「地區」，因為對氣候談的都是很長的一段時間，故不特別點出。

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. The weather of southern Italy is always agreeable. (X)
      義大利的氣候總是很怡人。

B. The climate was not as good as we had expected yesterday (X)

昨天天氣沒有我們預期中的那樣好。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：

A. The weather of southern Italy is always agreeable. (X)
The climate of southern Italy is always agreeable.  (O)
       義大利的氣候總是很怡人。

解說:

Weather是「天氣」的意思，是短時間內某一個地區的大氣狀況。而這裡指的是「氣候」是長時間而言，某一地區普遍性的大氣狀況，故用climate才對。

B. The climate was not as good as we had expected yesterday. (X)
 The weather was not as good as we had expected yesterday. (O)

昨天天氣沒有我們預期中的那樣好。

解說:

1. 基本文法說明

During是「在…的期間」之意，它是一個介系詞，後面須加名詞形成「during + N/Ving」的形式。如： I went to Taipei during my summer vacation. (我暑假期間去了台北。)

When和While都是「當…」的意思，它們都是連接詞，後面接的是句子。使用when時，表達的是主要子句與從屬子句發生於同一時間點上。如When I entered the company, she was just about to leave. (當我進公司時，她正要離去。) 而使用While時表達的是「主要子句動作發生時，從屬句的動作正在進行。」如：While I was taking a shower, the telephone rang. (當我正在洗澡時，電話響了。) 此時從屬句的動作正在進行 (taking a shower)，而主要子句的動作 (telephone rang)發生於其中。

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. When World War II, countless people died. (X)
     第二次世界大戰期間，有許多人死亡。

B. While you come to Taiwan, remember to give me a call. (X)

      你到台灣，記得打通電話給我。

C. During her baby is sleeping, she grabbed something to eat. (X)

     她的嬰兒在睡覺時，她很快地吃了些東西。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：

A.  When World War II, countless people died. (X)

During World War II, countless people died. (O)
     第二次世界大戰期間，有許多人死亡。

解說:

When是連接詞，後面須接一個句子，而World War II 是一個名詞，故不能用於此。During是介系詞，後接名詞或動名詞，表「在…期間」之意。

B.  While you come to Taiwan, remember to give me a call. (X)

When you come to Taiwan, remember to give me a call. (O)

        你到台灣，記得打通電話給我。

解說:

While用於「主要子句動作發生時，從屬句的動作正在進行」的狀況。而這裡的從屬句中的動作並沒有處於「進行中」的狀態，故不適合選用while。

C.  During her baby is sleeping, she grabbed something to eat. (X)

While her baby is sleeping, she grabbed something to eat. (O)

         她的嬰兒在睡覺時，她很快地吃了些東西。

解說:

During是一個介系詞，後面接的是名詞或動名詞，而這裡的Her baby is sleeping.是一個句子，故不適用during. While是連接詞，且其後面接的常為進行式，故選用之

1. 基本文法說明

Will和Would都是助動詞，故他們後面接的動詞都得恢復成原形。

Would可以當作will的過去式。如：He promised that he would go over to your place last night. (昨晚他答應要去你家。)

「Would have + p.p. (過去式分詞)」用於假設語氣中，表示「與過去事實相反」。如：Mary would have drowned if the torrential rain had kept raining then. (如果當時雨不停的下，瑪麗可能就淹死了。) 瑪麗當時其實並沒死，「would have + p.p.」即是用來假設與當時相反的情況。

「Will have + p.p.(過去式分詞)」是「未來完成式」的句型。表達的是「在未來某一時間前，將完成什麼事情。如：I will have earned my airfare to Sydney by the end of this semester. (在這學期結束前我會賺到去雪梨的機票。)

Would於問句中可以來表達「可以嗎?」如，「Would it be Ok/all right for us to do 某事」。如，Would it be OK to smoke here? (可以在這裡抽煙嗎?)

Will可以作名詞用，當作「意志」或「遺書」之意。前者如：Where there is a will, there is a way. (有志者，事竟成。) 後者如： Jack’s father bequeathed him a large amount of money in his will. (傑克的爸爸在遺書中留給他一大筆錢。)

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. He believes that he would have mastered Spanish by the time he graduates. (X)

      他相信畢業的時候他將精通西班牙語。

B. The warrior made a would before going to fight the enemy. (X)

      那位戰士在迎戰敵人前，先立下了遺書。

C. She has a strong would to finish her work. (X)

      她有強烈的意志要完成她的工作。

D. If I had studied a little bit harder then, I will have received the scholarship. (X)

      如果我當時再努力一點，我就能獲得那個獎學金了。

E. I will like to take a look at your writing. (X)

        我想看一下妳的作文。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：

A.  He believes that he would have mastered Spanish by the time he graduates. (X)

He believes that he will have mastered Spanish by the time he graduates. (O)

         他相信畢業的時候他將精通西班牙語。

解說:

「Would have + p.p.(過去式分詞)」是用來假設「與過去事實相反」的句型。例句中想表達的是，「在某一時間點(畢業)前，將會完成某件事(精通西班牙文)」，即未來完成式的句型，故應用「Will have + p.p.(過去式分詞)」。

B.  The warrior made a would before going to fight the enemy. (X)
   The warrior made a will before going to fight the enemy. (O)

         那位戰士在迎戰敵人前，先立下了遺書。

解說:

Would 不能作名詞。Will可當名詞「遺書」的意思。

C.  She has a strong would to finish her work. (X)
   She has a strong will to finish her work. (O)

        她有強烈的意志要完成她的工作。

解說:

Would不能作名詞。Will可當名詞「意志」的意思。

D.  If I had studied a little bit harder then, I will have received the scholarship. (X)
If I had studied a little bit harder then, I would have received the scholarship. (O)

       如果我當時再努力一點，我就能獲得那個獎學金了。

解說:

「Will have +p.p.」是未來完成式，表達的是「在未來某一個時間點以前，將完成某一件事情。而例句要的是「假設與過去事實相反」，即假設獲得了獎學金(實際上沒拿到)，故應用「would have + p.p.」。

E.  I will like to take a look at your writing. (X)

I would like to take a look at your writing. (O)

        我想看一下妳的作文。

解說:

1. 基本文法說明
Without question是「毫無疑問地」的意思，如: John said that he like to audit the course without question. (約翰說他毫無疑問地想旁聽那堂課。)

Without the question則是「不可能的」之意，等同於impossible。如，It is out of the question/impossible that one could swallow twelve hamburgers at a time. (一口氣吞下十二個漢堡根本是不可能的事。)

 

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. It is without question that a leopard can outrun a racing car.  (X)

豹要跑贏賽車是不可能的。

B. Mary is without the question the most industrious student in our class. (X)

瑪麗毫無疑問是我們班上最用功的學生。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：

A.  It is without question that a leopard can outrun a racing car. (X)
    It is without the question that a leopard can outrun a racing car. (O)

豹要跑贏賽車是不可能的。

解說:

Without question是「毫無疑問地」之意，這裡要表達的是「不可能的」即impossible的意思，故須用「without the question」來表達。

B.  Mary is without the question the most industrious student in our class. (X)

Mary is without question the most industrious student in our class. (O)

瑪麗毫無疑問是我們班上最用功的學生。

解說:

Without the question是「不可能的」之意，意思同等於impossible。而例句要表達的是「毫無疑問地」，也就是「沒有任何問題地」之意，故用副詞片語「without question」才對。

基本文法說明
這三個字都是「值得」的意思，但用法不一樣。Worth後面接的是「動名詞」或「名詞」，形成「worth + N/Ving」，如: Tom thinks that the speech contest is worth a try.  (湯姆認為那個演講比賽值得參加。)

Worthy後面接的是「of +名詞」或「動名詞」，形成「worthy of N/Ving」。如，It is worthwhile to keep early hours. (早睡早起是很值得做的一件事。)

Worthwhile後面可接「動名詞」或「to +原形動詞」，形成「worthwhile + Ving/to Vr.」。如：The issue of domestic violence is worthy of attention. (家庭暴力的議題值得關注。)

此外，be worth one’s while是「值得某人花時間、精神去做某事」之意，後面加「動名詞」或「to+原形動詞」，形成「be worth one’s while Ving/to Vr」的形式。如：It is worth your while to read/reading the instructions. (很值得你好好閱讀操作說明。)

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. The necklace is worth a thousand dollars. (X)
那條項鍊值一仟塊錢。

B. Extracurricular activities are worthy of participating. (X)

        課外活動值得參加。

C. It is worth your while to consult a dictionary. (X)

       查字典是一件很值得做的事。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：

A. The necklace is worthy a thousand dollars. (X)

The necklace is worth a thousand dollars. (O)

那條項鍊值一仟塊錢。

解說:

Worthy後面接的是「of + N/Ving」，表「值得…」之意，而worth後則接「N/Ving」，故應將例句中的worthy換為worth才對。

B. Extracurricular activities are worthwhile of participating. (X)
  Extracurricular activities are worthy of participating. (O)

           課外活動值得參加。

解說:

Worthwhile後接的是「動名詞」或「to + 原形動詞」。而worthy接的是「of N/Ving」，故應將例句中的worthwhile換成worthy才對。

C.  It is worth your to consult a dictionary. (X)
    It is worth your while to consult a dictionary. (O)

         查字典是一件很值得做的事。

解說:

Worth one’s while後面加的是「to + 原形動詞」或「動名詞」，而worth後面接的則是「動名詞」。故應將原句改為 It is worth consulting a dictionary，或是將「while」補在原句的your之後。

1. 基本文法說明

Wound當名詞是「傷口」的意思，常針對外傷而言。如，The wound on his thigh needed more than five stitches. (在他大腿上的傷口須要縫合五針以上。) 當動詞是「傷害」之意，通常用被動式，是一個極為正式的用字。如：Numerous people were wounded in the attack. (在那場攻擊中，很多人受了傷。)

Harm是「危害」的意思，可用於抽象概念上或具體實物上。前者如，Your impatience would harm the relationship between your girlfriend and you. (你的沒有耐心將對你與你女友間的感情造成危害。)  後者如，Burning the midnight oil harm your body. (挑燈夜戰將對你的身體造成危害。) 它也可以作名詞，如：Skipping breakfast will do harm to you stomach. (不吃早餐將會對你的胃造成傷害。)

Hurt指的是「傷害、損害、作痛」之意。它是這組字中用途最廣的一個字，指的是內體、情感、或物體所受到的傷害。如：Your hurt my feelings. 你傷了我的心(使我感到難受)。Hurt也有作名語的時候，指的是「情感上的傷害」。如：The profound hurt in her heart was the result of an unblessed marriage. (她心中深深的痛來自於一場未受祝福的婚姻。)

Injure是一個動詞，表「傷害(身體上)，或損毀(名譽上)」之意。當「傷害(身體上)」時，通常是「意外中」所受的傷害，指的是「外貌、性能上」的損害。如：He is injured in the knuckle, and has to walk with crutches. (他的腳踝受傷，所以走路時必須柱拐杖。)「損毀(名譽上)」的損受，如：Peter’s being dishonest greatly injured his reputation. (彼得的不誠實大大地傷害了他的名聲。)

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. My head injured badly this morning. (X)
   今天早上我的頭疼得厲害。

 

B. Drinking too much liquor does wound his liver. (X)

      飲酒過量的確損害他的肝。

C. Insufficient sleep will cause hurt to your health. (X)

      不充足的睡眠將對你的健康造成傷害。

D. A lot of soldiers were harmed seriously in the country’s civil war. (X)

      在那場國家的內戰中許多士兵受了重傷。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：

A.  My head injured badly this morning. (X)
My head hurt badly this morning.  (O)
   今天早上我的頭疼得厲害。

解說:

Injure所表達的「傷害」，指的是「外貌、性能上的損傷」，且通常是指在意外中所受的傷害，並不適用於此。Hurt可以當「作痛」的意思，故選之。

B.  Drinking too much liquor does wound his liver. (X)
Drinking too much liquor does injure his liver. (O)

            飲酒過量的確損害他的肝。

解說:

Wound是「傷害、受傷」的意思，常針對外傷而言，且多用被動式。錯誤例句中的「傷肝」既非外傷，且其語態亦非被動，故不選wound。Injure的「傷害」，特別指的是「外貌、性能」上的損傷，例句中的「傷肝」，即屬於「性能」上的傷害之一。

C.  Insufficient sleep will cause hurt to your health. (X)
Insufficient sleep will cause harm to your health. (O)

        不充足的睡眠將對你的健康造成傷害。

解說:

Hurt雖然可以作名詞，但當它當名詞時，指的傷害是屬於「情感上的」，而這裡明顯的表明是健康上的傷害，故不適用。Harm是「危害」之意，常見的句型有do harm to與cause harm to兩種，皆為「對…造成傷害」之意。

D.  A lot of soldiers were harmed seriously in the country’s civil war. (X)

A lot of soldiers were wounded seriously in the country’s civil war. (O)

        在那場國家的內戰中許多士兵受了重傷。

解說:

1. 基本文法說明
Writer與author都是「作家」的意思，即寫某篇文章或某本書的人。如He is the writer/author of the sought-after novel. 然而，writer前面可加一個表「領域」的名詞。如，travel(旅遊)/cookery(烹飪)/sports(運動)/crime(犯罪)/economics(經濟)，而形成travel writer(旅遊作家), cookery writer(烹飪作家) …等。例句如，Her brother has been a cookery writer before being hired as a cook. 她哥哥受僱為廚師之前是一位烹飪作家。

Author可作動詞用，即「著作」之意，而writer 是由動詞writer而來，不作動詞用。例句如，Before thirty, he had authored more than fifteen novels.三十歲前，他已經著作了超過十五本的書。  Author當名詞時，亦可引申作「造成…的人」，如John himself is to blame. After all, he is the author of the mishap.約翰是最該受責備的。畢竟，他是造成這個不幸的人。

值得注意的是，通常writer會與play, novel搭配出現。如play writer劇作家, novel writer小說家。

Compose是「作曲」的意思，或在極正式的情況下，當作「書寫」。但composer指的是「作曲家」，不作「書寫者」解。如，Beethoven is the composer of many musical master pieces. 貝多芬是許多偉大音樂作品的作曲者。

Compile是「編寫、編纂」的意思，即將資料收集整理並作有系統的呈現。而compiler即為「編寫者、編纂者」之意。She works as a compiler for an English-Chinese dictionary. 她的工作是英漢字典的編輯人員。

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？

A. Mozart is a great classical music writer. (X)
莫札特是一位偉大的作曲家。

B. Tina works as a composer for an encyclopedia. (X)
蒂娜是一位百科全書的編寫人員。

C. The driver was the compiler of the car accident. He ran through a red light. (X)
那位駕駛是造成這場車禍的人。他闖了紅燈。

D. Linda is the famous economics author, who was invited to give a speech at our school. (X)
玲達就是是那位受邀到我們學校演講的名經濟作家。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：
A. Mozart is a great classical music writer. (X)
Mozart is a great classical music composer. (O)
莫札特是一位偉大的作曲家。
解說:
Writer 是由動詞「write書寫」而來，意思是作者，書寫者之意。而作曲家是用音符堆砌樂章，故writer不適用於此。Compose本意為「組成」，composer為「作曲家」的意思，因為樂章即是由「音符」組成，故選之。

B. Tina works as a composer for an encyclopedia. (X)
Tina works as a compiler for an encyclopedia. (O)
蒂娜是一位百科全書的編寫人員。
解說:
Composer是「作曲家」的意思，而這裡指的「編寫人員」應選由compile(編寫、編篡)衍生的「compiler(編寫者、編篡者)」。

C. The driver was the compiler of the car accident. He ran through a red light. (X)
The driver was the author of the car accident. He ran through a red light. (O)
那位駕駛是造成這場車禍的人。他闖了紅燈。
解說:
Compiler是「編寫者、編篡者」之意。而author除了當「作者」之外，還可以當「造成…的人」。

D. Linda is the famous economics author, who was invited to give a speech at our school. (X)
Linda is the famous economics writer, who was invited to give a speech at our school. (O)
玲達就是是那位受邀到我們學校演講的名經濟作家。
解說: