zap/shoot/squash 「殺死、開槍、壓碎 」之外的差異

 

1. 基本文法說明
Zap是「殺死、催毀」之意，如：The child feels excited when more and more aliens are zapped in the video game. (當遊樂器中愈來愈多的外星人被殺死時，這小孩感到非常的刺激。) Zap也可以當「快速轉台」的意思，如：My sister always gets annoyed when I zap between channels to avoid advertisement. (當我為避開廣告而快速轉台的時候，我的姐姐總是感到煩躁。)  Zap當名詞時，有「精力、活力、熱忱」之意，為不可數名詞。People who have plenty of zap are most suitable for the job. (充滿熱忱與活力的人最適合這項工作。)

Shoot有「開槍、拍照、快速移動」之意。如：1. Don’t shoot when no orders are given. (在命令尚未到達前，切勿開槍)。2. How many reels of film have you shot during your trip to Nan-tou? (你去南投時拍了幾卷的底片?)  3. It was a close call. The car just shot past me within two inches. (真危險! 那台車在離我不到兩吋之遠處呼嘯而過。) 此外，一個在口語中常見的片語「shoot at/for 某事」意思即為，「盡全力做某事」。例句如，They are shooting for a pay raise, but the employer seems to overlook the request. (他們盡全力地要求調薪，但他們的僱主似乎對此視而不見。)

Squash是「壓扁、或用力擠入」的意思。1. Tom was so careless that he sat on the grapes and squashed them. (湯姆很不小心地坐在葡萄上，並且把它們壓碎了。)  2. He tried to squash all his clothes into the backpack but failed. (他試著把所有的衣物塞入背包內，但沒成功[失敗了]。) 此外，「be squashed」可以當作「無言以對」的意思。如：James was squashed when the teacher asked him why he was always late. (當老師問詹姆士為何總是遲到時，他啞口無言了。) 此外，squash亦可作名詞，意思為「擁擠、南瓜、或壁球」。

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？
A. The boss fired Zoe for her being lackadaisical, and the new employee is said to have plenty of squash. (X)
老闆把柔依給開除了，因為她很懶散。據說新的員工非常地有衝勁。

B. Tracy zapped three reels of film during the field trip to Dan-Shuei. (X)
崔西在去淡水的戶外教學中，拍完了三捲底片。
C. The CEO soon shot the rumor that the company was about to go bankrupt. (X)
總裁很快地粉碎了公司即將破產的謠言。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：
A. The boss fired Zoe for her being lackadaisical, and the new employee is said to have plenty of squash. (X)
The boss fired Zoe for her being lackadaisical. The new employee is said to have plenty of zap. (O)
老闆把柔依給開除了，因為她很懶散。據說新的員工非常地有衝勁。
解說:
Squash可作名詞，意思為「壁球、擁擠、或南瓜」，但例句中要的是「衝勁」，故squash不適用於此。Zap當名詞有「精力、熱忱、活力」的意思，於例句中的「衝勁」意思相符，故選用之。

B.  Tracy zapped three reels of film during the field trip to Dan-Shuei. (X)
Tracy shot three reels of film during the field trip to Dan-Shuei. (O)
崔西在去淡水的戶外教學中，拍完了三捲底片。
解說:
Zap當動詞有「殺死、摧毀」的意思，而這裡要表達的是「拍電影」，故僅能選用shoot。在這組字義比較中只有shoot有「拍照」的意思。

C.  The CEO soon shot the rumor that the company was about to go bankrupt. (X)
The CEO soon squashed the rumor that the company was about to go bankrupt. (O)
總裁很快地粉碎了公司即將破產的謠言。
解說:
Shoot的本意為「射擊」，但並沒有「shoot the rumor」這樣的用法。 Squash本意是「壓碎」，而「squash a rumor」即為「粉碎流言」之意，故選用squash。

 

 

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zeal/passion/enthusiasm 「熱情、興趣」真不一樣

 

1. 基本文法說明
Passion是「激情、熱情」的意思，可能是一種強烈的情感，如愛、恨、生氣的感覺，甚至是生理上的衝動。它後面接的介系詞是for，如：Both John and Ivy share a passion for online games. (約翰和愛微對線上遊戲都有著熱情。) 把這個字大寫時「Passion」，指的是「耶穌受難」，如：The Passion即是電影「耶穌受難記」的英文。

Enthusiasm是「濃厚的興趣、熱忱」的意思。它後面的介系詞也是for，如：He has an enthusiasm for badminton. (他對羽球有濃厚的興趣。) 它的形容詞enthusiastic也極為常見，但其後搭配的的介系詞為for，如：Why aren’t you enthusiastic about the coming masque? It’s going to be a lot of fun! (為什麼你對即將來臨的化妝舞會不抱持濃厚的興趣? 它將會很有意思的!)

Zeal是「熱情、熱忱」的意思，即「熱忱、強烈地想做某事、孜孜不倦地努力」之意。它後面接的介系詞亦為for，如：The professor thought that the research topic was infeasible and soon lost his zeal for it. (那位教授覺得那個研究題目不可行，並且很快地失去了對它的熱情。)

 

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？
A. William plays an important role in the zeal play. (X)
威廉在那齣耶穌受難的戲劇中擔任要角。

B. Being a chemistry major, Bill just can’t work up any passion for Shakespeare. (X)
身為一位化學主修生，比爾就是無法對莎士比亞產生熱忱。

C. Rita has no enthusiasm for mundane matters such as making money and gaining fame. (X)
麗達對世俗的事情，如賺錢與成名，沒有熱忱。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：
A.  William plays the leading character in the zeal play. (X)
William plays the leading character in the passion play. (O)
威廉在那齣耶穌受難的戲劇中擔任主角。
解說:
指「耶穌受難」只能用passion這個字。

B.  Being a chemistry major, Bill just can’t work up any passion for Shakespeare. (X)
Being a chemistry major, Bill just can’t work up any enthusiasm for Shakespeare. (O)
身為一位化學主修生，比爾就是無法對莎士比亞產生興趣。
解說:
Passion指的是「強烈的情感、激情、熱情」的意思，例如對愛、恨，乃至於生理上的衝動。而例句中有表達的是「濃厚的興趣」，故用enthusiasm比較合適。例句中的化學主修生對文學要產生「濃厚的興趣」已經很難，更遑論「強烈的情感、熱情。」

C. Rita has no enthusiasm for mundane matters such as making money and gaining fame. (X)
Rita has no zeal for mundane matters such as making money and gaining fame. (O)
麗達對世俗的事情，如賺錢與成名，沒有熱忱。
解說:

  Enthusiasm和zeal意思相近，都有「熱忱」的意思，但若要進一步指出「孜孜不倦的那種努力」的，用zeal更為合適。句中對世俗之事的熱忱，即帶有「努力、孜孜不倦」的涵意，故用zeal較貼切。

 

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zest/ fervor 「熱忱、興趣」的不同程度

 

1. 基本文法說明
Zest的意思為「熱切的渴望、濃厚的興趣」之意，如，She deals with almost every task with an impressive zest. (她以令人印象深刻的熱情處理幾乎每一件事。) 此外，zest亦可以當作「（橘子、萊姆、柳橙等的）果皮。」如： Add the grated zest of two oranges before the water goes boiling. (在水滾之前加入兩顆磨碎的橘子皮。)

Fervor或英式拼法fervour，意思為「強烈的信仰或熱忱」，常指在宗教、革命與民族上的熱情，如：religious fervor/revolutionary fervor/nationalistic fervor。

2. 錯誤發生情況及修正練習
仔細看看下列的句子，哪裡出了錯？又該如何修正？
A. It takes time for the defeated team to recover their fervor. After all, it was too much of a blow for them. (X)
那支被擊敗的隊伍須要時間回復他們的熱情。畢竟，失敗對他們而言是很嚴重的打擊。

B. Nationalistic zest is more and more noticeable in the country. (X)
民族主義的熱情在這國家中愈來愈顯著了。

3. 錯誤修正及解釋正確的句子如下：
A. It takes time for the defeated team to recover their fervor. After all, it was too much of a blow for them. (X)
It takes time for the defeated team to recover their zest. After all, it was too much of a blow for them. (O)
那支被擊敗的隊伍須要時間回復他們的熱情。畢竟，失敗對他們而言是很嚴重的打擊。

解說:
Fervor指的是「強烈的熱忱或信仰」。而例句中要找回的熱情應是一種「濃厚的興趣與熱切的渴望」，而無關乎「信仰」的意涵，故選用zest。

B. Nationalistic zest is more and more noticeable in the country. (X)
Nationalistic fervor is more and more noticeable in the country. (O)
民族主義的熱情在這國家中愈來愈顯著了。
解說:
Zest是「熱情、濃厚的興趣」，而fervor是「強烈的熱忱或信仰」。例句中「民族主義的熱情」，指的是對民族主義的投入與支持，其程度往往超越「興趣」的範疇，故用fervor表「熱忱、信仰」之意，較為合適。此外，值得注意的是，religious/revolutionary/nationalistic這三個形容詞是fervor常見的搭配字。

 

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