Cultural Studies --  Postmodernism -- Literary Criticism -- IACD
The Flaneur:
Various Definitions 
flaneur 可以是個歷史產物，也可以是一種敘述和認知法。
一般定義共通點是，她/他步伐緩慢悠閒，好似沒有目標，而不向其他都市人群那樣匆忙。
有幾個討論重點：
和所看到的現代化都市、商品、所漫遊的網路之間的關係，
和群眾的關係，
是否被商品化，
flaneur 的性別。

I. Baudelaire -- 
  1. strolling, anonymously, on the street, in the crowd and observing fast-changing scene around him.
  2. painter of modern life, distilling the eternal from the transitory; the center of an order of things of his own making; 
  3. an idler and passionate observer; experiences shock and intoxication;
  4. a man of the crowd; one flesh with the crowd
  5. the modern heroes: the poet, the flaneur, the dandy, the collector, the gambler, the worker, the dandy, the collector, the gambler, the worker,  the rag-picker and the prostitute; give voice to the  paradoxes and illusions of modernity.
  6. a dialectic of control and incompletion (Tester 5) 
II. Benjamin --
  1. For the modern hero is no hero; he acts heroes; flaneur as a walking commodity; 
  2. Not part of the crowd. 
(Rob Shields: flaneur as Mohicans, flaneurie as time-space psychosis.)--

III. Chris Jenks --

  1. an analytic form, a narrative device;

V. Challenges to flaneur: (Keith Tester pp. 13-)
For Robert Musil  The Man Without Qualities (1954) 
  1. traffic; 
  2. the city's mystery lost; 
  3. increasing domination of rationality 

    4.  

     
     
     
     
     

    For Benjamin

  4. numbering the houses and places; establishment of time discipline (e.g. punch clock); 
  5. the development of the department store (shift from the street as interieu to the department store as its commodified embodiment). (Frisby in Tester 87)

    6.  

     
     
     
     
     
     
     

    Wolfgang Schivelbusch 

  6. the increasing speed of circulation (of traffic, commodities, thoughts) in the 19th century. 
  7. Flaneurie is a harking back and a nostalgia for a slower and more definite world. 

    8.