C.5 略說語態用法

語態(Modals)屬於文法很重要的一環,但也是很有趣的玩意兒.

若我們在前幾章所討論的文法動詞變化為一張無表情的臉,那麼語態就像喜怒哀樂一樣, 為這一張臉增添了些色彩 在日常生活中用適當的語態作請求,更可以潤滑我們的人際關係!

 

不同的語態如何使用?先看看生活中的例子吧!

語態詳解

請老師寬延期限

在當大學生的時代,面對著做不完的功課,有的學生便會向老師請求:

“I had to write three papers over the weekend, and didn’t have time to finish this one. Could I turn it in tomorrow instead?”

這時老師們可能有的答案為: “No, you can’t. You should have finished it a week ago.”

“All right, you can. Just don’t forget to include your student number and the date you turned it in.”

要室友擦地

C.1現在式,我們有討論到命令式的用法, e.g. “Go wipe the floor!”

但日常生活中,我們很少這麼粗魯地命令室友(即使他真的把地板弄得一蹋糊塗!)。我們可能用不同的語氣說(由較客氣的語氣排到較不客氣的說法):

建議:     How about wiping the floor this afternoon? (“How about” 有請問意味;也就是“…如何?─最客氣的說法。)

Why not wipe the floor when the stain is still removable? Otherwise, you’ll need to use some stain remover. (“Why not” 何不的意思;也就是直截了當、不文不火的地建議) Why don’t you wipe the floor when the stain is still removable? 

要求: Could you wipe the floor, please? (有禮貌地要求室友,保持良好關係。)

Will you wipe the floor? (帶有不耐煩的語氣地要求;可能他根本不在乎把房間弄髒。)

l      強烈建議 You’d better (had better) wipe the floor before you leave.此句中文翻譯應是:「你走前還是擦擦地板吧,不然……」而不是「你走前最好擦擦地板。」 

室友可能的回應:

1. Ok,
2. No way.
 It’s none of my business.  
3.
表達偏好、討價還價: I would rather do the dishes than wipe the floor. (would rather…than: 寧可也不要…) 

語態詳解