Table 2.2    Roles, Instruments, and Procedures for Needs Analysis (Adapted from Brown 1989a)  

---

 

Needs Analyst's Role	Instrumention	Procedures
Outsider looking in	Existing information	Records analysis  Systems analysis  Literature review  Letter writing
	Tests	Proficiency  Placement  Diagnostic  Achievement
	Observations	Case studies  Diary studies  Behavior abservation  Interactional analysis  Inventories

---

   

Facilitator drawing  out information	Interviews	Individual  Group
	Meetings	Delphi technique  Advisory  Interest group  Review
	Questionnaires	Biodata surveys  Opinion surveys  Self-ratings  Judgemental ratings  Q sort

         

Reference:

Brown, J.D (1995)  The Elements of Language Curriculum

New York: Heinle & Heinle Publishers