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西方文明史Western Civilization (1) & (2)
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英文系
蘇文伶與墨樵、
Wen-ling Su & Joseph Murphy
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製作日期
Oct. 2011
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網頁教材 |
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1.希臘時期 The Greeks
2.中世紀時期 The Middle Ages
3.文藝復興 Renaissance
4.北方文藝復興 Northern Renaissance
5.巴洛克時期The Age of Baroque
6.啟蒙時期Enlightenment
7.浪漫時期The Romantics
8.現代主義 Modernism
9.現代主義研究 Modernism Survey
10.後現代主義 From Modernism to
Postmodernism |
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From Modernism to Postmodernism |
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I. Mid-Twentieth
Century
A. Existentialism
1. Philosophy:
Sartre
2. Theater
of the absurd: Beckett
B. Visual
arts:
1. Sculpture:
Giacometti
2. Abstract
expressionism: Pollock
3. Color
field painting: Rothko
4.
Regional realism: Hopper
II.
World War II and After
A.
Modernism vs. Postmodernism
B.
Visual arts:
1.
Pop art: Warhol, Oldenburg, Indiana
2.
New Realism: Estes
3.
Total art
a.
Performance art: Cage, Klein
b. Environmental
art: Smithson, Christo and Jenne-Claude |
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I. Mid-Twentieth
Century |
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A. Existentialism |
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Jean-Paul Sartre
(1905-80) |
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“Existentialism,”
1945
A.
“Man is nothing but what he makes himself” (14);
“existence precedes essence” (2-3)
B.
“man first of all is the being who hurls himself
toward a future and who is conscious of imagining himself as being
in the future” (20-22)
C.
“man is responsible for himself, . . . Not only . . .
responsible for his own individuality, but . . . responsible for all
men” (35-38)
(Fiero 430-32) |
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Theatre of the Absurd
Samuel Beckett
(Irish, 1906-89) |
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Waiting for Godot
(1948)
YouTube - Samuel
Beckett - Waiting for Godot Act 2 (Part 7)
(from:
http://www.pugwashnews.com/2011/04/review-godot-worth-waiting-for/)
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B. Visual Arts |
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Sculpture: Alberto Giacometti
(1901-1966) |
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A.
Swiss
B.
In 1930, a Surrealist
C.
Post-WWII: existentialist
D.
Spindly solitary figures
E.
Designed set for first production of
Waiting for Godot
(Fiero 441)
Giacometti ,”City Square.” bronze,1948.
Khanacademy. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/giacometti.html
Giacometti, “Dog.” bronze, 1951. Moma. Web. 23
Oct 2011.
http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=80979
Giacometti. “Cat.” Bronze.1954. Wikipedia. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:'Cat'_by_Giacometti,_1954,_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg
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Abstract Expressionism |
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A.
Leading style of art in the U.S. in the mid-twentieth
century
B.
Rooted in:
1.
Abstraction of Picasso and Matisse
2.
Colorist experiments of Kandinsky
3.
Nonsense performance of Dada
4.
“automatic” art of Surrealism
C.
Characteristics: large (heroic) size, personal,
spontaneous, free
(Fiero 436-37) |
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Jackson Pollock
(1912-56) |
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A.
(American) “Jack the Dripper”
B.
Action Painting: canvas on the ground, Pollock
working from all four sides
C.
Reminiscent of Navajo sand painting
D.
Paintings contain nails, sand, matches, pieces of
bottles and even cigarette butts
E.
"It is impossible to make a forgery of Jackson
Pollock's work“--Time magazine critic Robert Hughes (nga.gov)
(Fiero 437-38)
Pollock, “Number 1.” 1950. Nga. Web. 23 Oct
2011.
http://www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/painting1.shtm
Pollock, “Convergence.” 1952. About. Web. 23
Oct 2011.
http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/action_abstraction/jm-aa_08_08.htm
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Mark Rothko
(1903-70) |
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A.
Color-field painting
B.
Translucent “fields of color” layered onto the canvas
C.
Described his paintings in terms of “religious
experience”
D.
Rothko said his paintings should be viewed close-up,
from 18 inches
(Fiero 439-40)
Rothko, Untitled [Blue, Green, and Brown],1952
(or 1951).
National Gallery of Art. Web. 25 October 2011
http://www.nga.gov/feature/rothko/classic4.shtm
Rothko, Untitled, 1968. National Gallery of
Art. Web. 25 October 2011
http://www.nga.gov/feature/rothko/late4a.shtm
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Abstract Expressionism and the Cold War |
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A.
During the 1950s-60s, the US government supported the
exhibition of American Abstract Expressionism in Europe as kind of
US cultural propaganda
B.
Showed that American society values freedom,
experimentation, openness, democracy
C.
Offered a contrasting style to social realism of
Soviet Union
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Edward Hopper
(1882-1967) |
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A.
American
B.
Realism (American Scene Painting)
C.
Urban and town life
D.
Artificial lighting
E.
Estranged characters, together but alone
F.
Strange cropping and points of view
(Fiero 440)
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Hopper, “Nighthawks.” 1942. Artchive. Web. 23
Oct 2011.
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/hopper/nighthwk.jpg.html
Hopper, “Cape Cod Evening.” 1939. Artchive. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/hopper/cape_cod_evening.jpg.html
Hopper, “Office at Night.” 1940. Wordpress. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://03varvara.wordpress.com/2010/06/19
/edward-hopper-office-at-night-1940/
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Hopper, “House by the Railroad.” 1925. Ibiblio.
Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/hopper/landscapes/railroad/
Hopper, “New York Movie.” 1939. Ibiblio. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/hopper/interior/
Hopper, “Rooms by the Sea.” 1951. Ibiblio. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/hopper/interior/
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II. World War II and After |
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A. Modernism vs. Postmodernism |
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Modernism |
Postmodernism |
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A.
Serious preoccupation with the
instability of subjectivity and identity
B.
Strong authorial presence; cult of genius
C.
Radical experimentation with artistic
form
D.
Reader encouraged to find inner meaning
and depth
E.
Makes use of popular materials, but the
hierarchy of high over low is clear
F.
Historical references made with
historical awareness
G.
Reference to archetypes, universal
symbols
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A.
Carefree attitude toward (unstable)
subjectivity and identity
B.
Lack of central authority and meaning;
“death of the author”
C.
Playful self-consciousness about the
conventions and media of the artistic work itself
D.
Preoccupation with surface and ornament;
denial of inner meaning and depth
E.
Leveling of distinctions between high and
low culture: playful “sampling” of various cultural
products
F.
Leveling of historical distinctions;
historical and artistic pastiche
G.
The local is emphasized over the
universal |
(Fiero 482) |
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Manet, Olympia, 1863. Artexpertwebsite. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.artexpertswebsite.com/pages/artists/manet.php
Leonardo da Vinci, “Mona Lisa.” 1503-07.
Wikipedia. Web. 23 July 2011.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mona_Lisa.jpg |
Morimura, “Portrait (Twins), 1988. Gec. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://cge.gec.nthu.edu.tw/jcliu/93/79.htm
Yvaral, “Mona Lisa Synthetisee.” 1989. Tripod. Web. 23 Oct
2011.
http://m97e.tripod.com/414.html |
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Andy Warhol
(1928-1987) |
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Warhol, “Diamond Dust Shoes.” 1980. Vialin. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.vialin.com/warhol/Warhol_Diamond_Dust_Shoes.html
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Robert Colescott
(1925-2009) |
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Robert Colescott, Les Demoiselles D’Alabama (Vestidas), 1985.
tfaoi. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.tfaoi.com/am/12am/12am238.jpg
Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1976-79.
Idehist. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.idehist.uu.se/distans/ilmh/pm/moore-piazzaditalia.htm
I.M Pei, Louvre Pyramid, Paris, 1988. Blogspot.
Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://nonstop80s.blogspot.com/2011/09/louvre-pyramid-1989.html
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B.
Visual Art: Pop Art |
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Andy Warhol
(1931-87) |
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A.
American
B.
Themes:
1.
Celebrity
2.
Popular Culture
3.
Advertising
4.
Mechanical Reproduction
(Fiero 487-89) |
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Self-Portrait
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Green Marilyn
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Mao
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Vegetarian Vegetable
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Orange
Car Crash 
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from left to right: Warhol, “Self-Portrait.” 1986. Wordpress. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://kellydevinethomas.wordpress.com/2008/12/23/authenticating-andy-warhol/
Warhol, “ Green Marilyn.” 1962.
Spartacusartgallery. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.spartacusartgallery.com/2011/03/andy-warhol-turquoise-marilyn.html
Warhol, “Mao.” 1973. About. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/americanevolution/corcoran_0308_21.htm
Warhol, “Vegetarian Vegetable.”1969. artvalue.
Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.artvalue.com/auctionresult--warhol-andy-1928-1987-usa-vegetarian-vegetable-1946827.htm
Warhol, “Orange Car Crash.” 1969. Book530. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://www.book530.com/painting/93709/Orange-Car-Crash-.html
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Claes Oldenburg (1929-) |
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Oldenburg, “Floor Burger.” 1962. Art21. Web.
23 Oct 2011.
http://blog.art21.org/2009/09/09/where-am-i/
Oldenburg. “Clothespin.” Central Square Philadelphia, 1976.
Deitchman. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://deitchman.com/mcneillslides/units.php?unit=%2020th%20Century%20Art%20(1945-pres)
Oldenburg, “Giant Three Way Plug.” 1970. Bluffton. Web. 23
Oct 2011.
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/oldenburg/olden.html
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Robert Indiana
(1928-) |
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Robert Indiana , LOVE (Philadelphia), 1976.
Museumwithoutwallsaudio. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://museumwithoutwallsaudio.org/interactive-map/love
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New Realism |
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A.
a.k.a. neorealism, hyperrealism, photorealism
B.
Rejects narrative content
C.
“indifference to moral, social, and political issues”
(Fiero 492)
D.
Representational, but representing artificial camera
image, not reality
(Fiero 492-93) |
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Richard Estes
(1932-) |
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Estes, “Café Express.” 1975.
Arts-in-company. Web.
23 July 2011.
http://arts-in-company.com/Art-Apprec-Survey/artistpages/e/Estes-richard.htm
Estes, “Central Savings.” 1975.
Sai. Web. 23
Oct 2011.
http://www.sai.msu.su/cjackson/e/p-estes2.htm
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Total Art |
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A.
Art beyond studio and gallery
B.
Process/performance oriented
C.
Temporary (to various degrees) preserved in
photographs and video
D.
Communal rituals
E.
Types:
1.
Performance art: Cage, Klein
2.
Happenings
3.
Earthworks: Smithson, Christo and Jenne-Claude
(Fiero 494-97) |
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Performance Art |
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John Cage
(1912-92) |
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4’33’’
(1953)
-For 4 min. and 33 sec., pianist sits at piano
without playing it
-The sound: pianist breathing, audience shifting, hum
of traffic outside
-aleatory:
based on chance and random method
(Fiero 446-47)
YouTube - John Cage - 4'33" by David Tudor |
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Yves Klein
(1928-62) |
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Anthropometry,
1960
-Performance art
YouTube - Yves Klein "Anthropometries of the Blue Period" y "Fire
Paintings" [1960] |
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Environmental Art |
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Robert Smithson
(1938-73) |
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A.
Spiral Jetty,
1970: an earthwork
B.
in water polluted by oil mines
C.
1500 ft. spiral, made of local black basalt,
limestone, and earth
D.
Symbolism: eternity (spiral) and origin of life in
salty water—looks back to ancient Neolithic earthworks
E.
Ecological message: balance between the cultural and
the natural
(Fiero 510)
Robert Smithson, “Spiral Jetty.” 1970.
Robertsmithson. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.robertsmithson.com/earthworks/spiral_jetty.htm
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Christo and Jeanne-Claude |
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Christo and Jeanne-Claude, “Running Fence.”
Sonoma
and Marin counties, CA, 1972-76, 24.5 miles (earthwork).
(Photo: Wolfgang Volz)
ChristoJeanneClaude. Web. 23 Oct 2011.
http://www.christojeanneclaude.net/major_fence.shtml
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Work Cited |
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Fiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol. 2. 6th
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. |
