Methodology

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Approaches/methods
Techniques
Strategies

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Approaches

[Audio-lingual] [ Communicative Approach ]

[ Computer-aided Instruction ] [ Cooperative Learning ]

[ Direct Method ] [ Grammar-translation ] [ Silent Way ]

[ Suggestopedia Approach ] [ Total Physical Response ] [ Others ]

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Audio-lingual ]

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        35-51.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Rivers, Wilga. 1968. Teaching Foreign Language Skills. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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Communicative Approach ]

Anderson, Jan.  1993.  Is A Communicative Approach Practical For Teaching English in

        China? Pros and Cons. System 21 (4): 471-80.

Brumfit, C. J.  1984. Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching: The Roles of Fluency

        and Accuracy.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Brumfit, C. J. and Johnson, K. (Eds.)  1979.  The Communicative Approach to Language

        Teaching.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Canale, M., and Swain M.  1980.  Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second

        Language Teaching and Testing.  Applied Linguistics 1: 1-47.

Celce-Murcia, Marianne, Zoltan Dornyei and Sarah Thurrell.  1997.  Direct Approaches in L2

        Instruction: A Turning Point in Communicative Language Teaching? TESOL Quarterly 31

        (1): 141-52.

Ellis, Greg.  How Culturally Appropriate Is the Communicative Approach?  ELT Journal 50

        (3): 213-18.

Freudenstein, R.  1992.  Communicative peace.  English Today, 31, 3-8.

Frohlich, M., N. Spada and P. Alien.  1985.  'Differences in the communicative

        orientation of L2 classrooms'.  TESOL Quarterly, 19: 27-56.

Gatbonton, E. ans Segalowitz, N.  1988.  "Creative automatization: principles for promoting

        fluency within a communicative framework."  TESOL Quarterly, 22, 3, 473-92.

Harmer, J.  1982.  What is communicative?   ELT Journal, 36, 3, 164-8.

Hui, Leng.  1997.  "New Bottles, Old Wines: Communicative Language Teaching in China."

         English Teaching Forum (Oct.): 38-41.

Johnson, K. and Morrow, K.  1981.  Communication in the Classroom.  Lonman.

Johnson, K.  1982.  Communicative Syllabus Design and Methodology.  Oxford: Pergamon.

Kamaravadivelu, B.  1993.  Maximizing Learner Potential in the Communicative Classroom.

         ELT Journal 47 (1): 12-21.

Karavas-Doukas, Evdokia.  1996.  Using Attitude Scales to Investigate Teachers' Attitudes to

        the Communicative Approach.  ELT Journal 50 (3): 187-98.

Karen E. Johnson.1995.Understanding Communication in Second Language Classrooms.

        Cambridge UP.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        121-136.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Li, Defeng.  1998.  "It's always more difficult than you plan and imagine.": Teachers' perceived

    difficulties in introducing the communicative approach in South Korea. TESOL Quarterly, 32

        (4), 677-703.

Li, X.  1984.  In Defense of the Communicative Approach.  ELT Journal 38 (1): 2-13.

Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative language teaching: An introduction.  Cambridge:

        Cambridge University Press.

Long, M. H. and Crookes, G.  1992.  "Three approaches to task-based syllabus design."

        TESOL Quarterly, 26, 1, 27-56.

MUNBY, J.  1978.  Communicative Syllabus Design.  Cambridge University Press.

Nunan, D.  1989.  Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Penner, J.  1995.  Change and Conflict: Introduction of the Communicative Approach in

        China.  TESL Canada Journal, 12, 2, 1-17.

Prabhu, N. S.  1987.  Second Language Pedagogy: A Perspective.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Savignon, S.  1991.   Communicative Language Teaching: State of the art.  TESOL Quarterly,

     25, 261-277.

Scarcella, R. C. and R. L. Oxford.  1992.  The Tapestry of  Language Learning: The Individual in

        the Communicative Classroom.  Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

Swan, M.  1985.  A critical look at the Communicative Approach (1).

       ELT Journal, 39, 1, 2-12.

Swan, M.  1985.  A critical look at the Communicative Approach (2).

       ELT Journal, 39, 2, 76-87.

Taylor, B. P.  1983.   Teaching ESL: Incorporating a communicative, student-centered

        component.  TESOL Quarterly, 17, 69-88.

Tarone, Barry P.  1980.  Review of Teaching Language As Communication by H. G.

    Widdowson.TESOL Quarterly, 14 (4): 522-24.

WIDDOWSON, H. G. 1978.  Teaching Language as Communication.  Oxford University Press.

White, C. J.  1991.  Negotiating Communicative Language Learning in a Traditional Setting.

        English Language Teaching Journal 43 (3): 213-20.

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[ Computer-aided Instruction ]

Berge, Z. and Collin, M.  1995.  Computer-mediated communication and the online classroom:

        overview and perspectives.  Computer-mediated Communication Magazine, 2, 2, 6.

Bolt, Philip and Yazdani, Masoud.  1998.  The Evolution of A Grammar-checking Program:

        LINGER To ISCA.  Computer Assisted Language Learning 11 (1): 55-112.

Carrier, M.  1997.  ELT Online: the Rise of the Internet.  ELT Journal 51.3 (July).

Chapelle, C. A.  1999.  Technology and language teaching for the 21th Century.  The

        Proceedings of the English International Symposium on English Teaching.  Taipei: The

        Crane Publishing.

Crook, C.  1997.  Children as computer users: The case of collaborative learning.  Computers

        Education, 30, 237-247.

Crystal, D.  1997.  The Language that Took Over the World.  The Guardian  (February): 22.

Eastment, David.  1998.  Quality Sites on the World Wide Web. Where Are the Good Web

        Pages?  Modern English Teacher 7 (2): 68-78.

Ebbelink, I.  1999. What is computer-mediated communication?  [On-line]  Available: http:

     //huizen.dds.nl/~inki/

Fortescue, S. and Jones, C.  1987.  Using Computers in the Language Classroom.  London:

        Longman.

Hoban, C. F. and Wagner, R. W.  2000.  American online: Audiovisual education. [On-line]

        Available: http://eg.grolier.com/

Jarvis, Huw.  1997.  Using the World Wide Web for An "Authentic Learning Experience."

        Modern English Teacher 6 (4): 45-49.

Kenning, M. J. and Kenning M.-M.  1983.  An Introduction to Computer Assisted Language

    Teaching.Oxford: Oxford UP.

Leech, G. and Candlin, C.  1986.  Computers in English Language Teaching and Research.

        London: Longman.

Liaw, Mei-Ling.  1998.  Using Electronic Mail For English As A Foreign Language (EFL)

        Instruction.  System 26 (3): 335-51.

Lookatch, R. P.  2000.  American online: Education.  [On-line]  Available: http:

     //ea.grolier.com/

Motteram, G.  1996.  The Internet and ELT.  IATEFL Newsletter.  Issue 131.

Motteram, G.  1996.  Making Up Your Web Page.  IATEFL Newsletter.  Issue 133.

Robb, T. N.  1996.  E-mail keypals for language fluency.  Foreign Language Notes, 38, 3, 8-11.

Ruhe, Valerie.  1998.  E-mail Exchanges: Teaching Language, Culture, and Technology for the

        21st Century.  TESL Canada Journal 16 (1): 89-95.

Schulze, Mathias.  1998.  Checking Grammar-teaching Grammar.  Computer Assisted Language

        Learning 11 (2): 215-27. ¡@

Sperling, D.  1997. The Internet Guide for English Language Teachers.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ:

        Prentice Hall Regents.

Warschauer, M.  1995. E-mail for English Teaching.  Alexandria, VA:TESOL.

Warschauer, M.  1995. E-mail for English Teaching: Bringing the Internet and computer learning

        networks into the language classroom.  New york: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other

        Language.

Warschauer, M. and Healey, D.  1998.  Computer and language learning: An overview.

        Language Teaching, 31, 57-71.

Wyatt, D. H.  1983.  Computer-assisted language instruction: Present state and future

        prospects.  System, 11, 1, 3-11.
 
 

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[ Cooperative Learning ]

Bejarano, Y.  1987.  A Cooperative Small-group Methodology in the Language Classroom.

        TESOL Quarterly 27: 483-504.

Bell, D.  1997.  Dance and the power of kinesthetic learning.  Paper at TESOL Conference,

        March Orlando, USA.

Dornyei, Z. and A. Malderez.  1997.  Group dynamics and foreign language teaching.  System,

        25, 65-81.

Elbow, Peter. Sharing and Responding.  McGraw-Hill

Forsyth, D. R.  1990. Group dynamics (2nd ed.) Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing

        Company.

Freeman, D.  1992.  Collaboration: Constructing Shared Understandings in a Second Language

        Classroom.  In D. Nunan (Ed.), Collaborating Learning and Teaching, 56-80.  Cambridge:

        Cambridge UP.

George, D.  1984.  Working with peer groups in the composition classroom.  College

        Composition and Communication, 35, 3, 320-26.

Grimm, N.  1986.  Improving students' responses to their peer's essays.  College Composition

        and Communication, 37, 1, 91-4.

Hickey, Thomas J., and Aimee E. DeCoste.  Building Bridges: Connecting High School and

        Elementary School Through Short Story Writing.  English Journal (September): 75-78.

High, J.  1993.  Second Language Learning through Cooperative Learning.  San Juan Capistrano:

        Kagan Cooperative Learning.

Jacobs, E., Rottenberg, L., Patrick, S., and Wheeler, E.  1996.  Cooperative Learning: Context

        and Opportunities for Acquiring Academic English.  TESOL Quarterly, 30: 253-280.

Jacobs, G. M. and S. J. Hall.  1994.  Implementing cooperative learning.  English Teaching

        Forum, 32, 2-5, 13.

Jacobs, George. 1998. 'Cooperative learning or Just grouping students: The difference makes

        a difference' in Renandya, W and G. Jacobs (eds.). Learners and Language Learning.

        Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Center.

Johnson, D. W., and Johnson, R. T.  1987.  Learning together and alone.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ:

        Prentice Hall.

Johnson, David W, Roger T. Johnson, and Edythe Johnson Holubec. 1988. Cooperation in

        the Classroom. Edina, MN: Interaction Books.

Kagan, S.  1985-1992. Cooperative learning resources for teachers.  San Juan Capistrano, CA:

        Resources for Teachers.

Kagan, S. (1989). Cooperative learning: Resources for teachers. San Juan Capistrano: Resources

        for Teachers.

Kessler, C.  1992. Cooperative Language Learning.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Regents.

Kinsella, K.  1996.  Designing Group Work That Supports and Enhances Diverse Classroom

        Work Style. TESOL Journal 6: 24-30.

Lee, Icy.   1998.  Peer Reviews in A Honk Kong Tertiary Classroom.  TESL Canada Journal, 15

        (1): 58-69.

Liang, Xiaoping, Bernard A. Mohan, and Margaret Early.  1998.  Issues of Cooperative

        Learning in ESL Classes: A Literature Review.  TESL Canada Journal 15 (2): 13-23.

Long, M. H. and P. A. Porter.  1985.  Group work, interlanguage talk, and second language

        learning.  TESOL Quarterly, 19, 207-228.

Lou, Y., P.C. Abrami, J. C. Spence, C. Poulsen, B. Chambers and S. d'Apollonia.  1996.

        Within-class grouping: A meta-analysis.  Review of Educational Research, 66, 423-458.

McBride Jr., Robert.  1998.  Down the Street and Across the Grades: A High School/

        Elementary School Partnership. English Journal (September): 68-74.

Nunan, D. (Ed.)  1992. Collaborative Language Learning and Teaching.  Cambridge: Cambridge

        UP.

Pica, T., and Doughty, C.  1985.  The role of group work in classroom second language

        acquisition.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 233-248.

Quirke, Phil.  1997.  Network: Twenty-five Steps to Groupwork With Any Class.  Modern

        English Teacher 6 (2): 55-57.

Sharan, S.  1980.  Cooperative learning in small groups: Recent methods and effects on

        achievement, attitudes, and ethnic relations.  Review of Educational Research, 50, 241-271.

Sharan, Y. and S. Sharan.  1992.  Expanding Cooperative Learning through Group Investigation.

        New York: Teachers College Press.

Shi, Ling.  1998.  Negotiated Interaction In Teacher-led Versus Peer Group Adult ESL

        Discussion.  TESL Canada Journal, 16 (1): 54-74.
 

Slavin, R. E. (1980). Cooperative learning. Review of Educational Research, 50, 315-42.


Slavin, R. 1995. Cooperative Learning. (2nd edn.) Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Thomas, Chihiro Kinoshita.  1998.  Junior Teacher Internship: Promoting Co-operative

        interaction and Learner Autonomy in Foreign Language Classrooms. Foreign Language

        Annals 31 (4): 569-83.

Webb, N. M. (1982). Student interaction and learning in small groups. Review of Educational

        Research, 52 (3), 421-45.

1990.  Cooperative Learning: Theory, Research, and Practice.  Englewood Cliffs,

        NJ: Prentice Hall.

1994.  Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups.  Review of

        Educational Research, 64, 1-35.

1994.  Learning Together and alone: Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Learning.

        Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

1994.  Cooperative Learning.  San Juan Capistrano, CA: Kagan Cooperative Learning.

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[Direct Method ]

Celce-Murcia, Marianne, Zoltan Dornyei and Sarah Thurrell.  1997.  Direct Approaches in L2

        Instruction: A Turning Point in Communicative Language Teaching? TESOL Quarterly 31

        (1): 141-52.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        23-34.  Oxford: Oxford UP.¡@

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Grammar-translation ]

Celice-Murcia, M.  1991.  Grammar Pedagogy in Second and Foreign Language Teaching.

        TESOL Quarterly, 25, 3, 459-78. ¡@

Fotos, Sandra.  1998.  Shifting the Focus From Forms to Forms in the EFL Classroom.  ELT

        Journal 52 (4): 301-7.

Howatt, A. P. R. 1984. A History of English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        11-22.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Stern, H. H. 1983. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 

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[Silent Way ]

Allard, Fusako and Roslyn Young.  1990.  The Silent Way.  The Language Teacher.  14.6: 27-29.

Bartoli, C.  1981.   Teaching the Silent Way.  Practical English Teaching, 2, 1, 29-30.

Blair, Robert. (ed.). 1982. Innovative Approaches to Language Teaching. Rowley,

        MA: Newbury House.

Celce-Murcia, Marianne. 1991. 'Language teaching approaches: An overview' in Celce-Murcla,

        M. (ed.). Teaching English as Second or Foreign Language. (2nd edn.) Boston,

        MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Gattegno, C.  1972.  Teaching Foreign Languages in Schools: The Silent Way.  New York:

    EducationalSolutions.

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Back to top
Suggestopedia Approach]

Brandle, Maximilian, and Elke Niedermuller.  1994.  Intensive Language Courses for Adults:

        The Suggestopedic Method.  Australian Journal of Adult and Community Education, 34

        (2): 142-48.

Bushman, R., and Mafsen, H.  1976.  A description and evaluation of Suggestopedia¡Xa new

        teaching methodology.  In J. Fanselow & R. Crymes (Eds.), On TESOL '76 (pp. 29-38).

        Washington, DC: TESOL.

Celce-Murcia, Marianne. 1991. 'Language teaching approaches: An overview' in

        Celce-Murcla, M. (ed.). Teaching English as Second or Foreign Language. (2nd edn.)

        Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Dhority, Lynn. 1991. The ACT Approach: The Use of Suggestion for Integrative Learning.

        Yverdon, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        53-72.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Lozanov, Georgi and Evelyna Gateva. 1988. The Foreign Language Teacher's Suggestopedic

        Manual. New York: Gordon and Breach.

LOZANOV, G.  1978. Suggestology and Outlines of Suggestopedy.  Gordon and Breach.

Schiffler, Ludger. 1992. Suggestopedic Methods and Applications. (English edition) Yverdon,

        Switzerland: Gordon and Breach.

Scovel, T.  1979. Review of Georgi Lozanov, "Suggestology and outlines of suggestopedy."

        TESOL Quarterly 13(2): 255-266.

Stevick, Earl W. 1998. Working with Teaching Methods: What's at Stake? Boston,

        MA: Heinle & Heinle.
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Total Physical Response]

Asher, J. J.  1966.  The learning strategy of the total physical response: A review.  Modern

        Language Journal, 50, 79-84.

Asher, J. J.  1969.  The total physical response approach to second language learning. Modern

        Language Journal, 53, 3-17.

Asher, James. 1996. Learning another Language through Actions: The Complete Teacher's

        Guidebook. (5th edn.) Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks Productions.

Barnett, M. A.  1983.  Replacing teacher talk with gestures: Nonverbal communication in the

        foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 16, 173-176.

Birdwhistell, R. L.  1970. Kinesics and context: Essays on body-motion communication.

        Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Garcia, Ramiro. 1996. Instructor's Notebook: How to Apply TPR for Best Results. (4th edn.)

        Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks Productions.

Green, G. R.  1971.  Kinesics in the foreign language classroom.  Foreign Language Annals, 5,

        62-68.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        107-120.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Seely, Contee. 1998. TPR is more than Commands at all Levels. Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks

        Productions.

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[ Others ]

Bartolome, L. I.  1994.  Beyond the Methods Fetish: Toward a Humanizing

        Pedagogy.  Harvard Educational Review 64: 173-94.

Beed, P., Hawkins, E., and Roller, C.  1991.  Moving Learners toward

        independence: The power of scaffold instruction.  The Reading Teacher, 44,

        648-655.

Brown, H. D.  1994. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to

        Language Pedagogy.  3rd. ed Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice Hall Regents.

Campbell, R. N., Gray, T., Rhodes, N., and Snow, M.  1985.  Foreign language

        learning in the elementary schools: A comparison of three language programs.

     Modern Language Journal, 69, 1, 44-54.

Carrell, P. L., Devine, J. and Eskey, D. E., eds.  1988.  Inteeractive approaches to

        second language reading.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Cohen, Andrew and Susan Weaver. 1998. 'Strategies?based instruction for second language

        learners' in Renanda, W and G. Jacobs (eds.). Learners and Language Learning.

        Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.

Curtain, Helena.  1991.  Methods in Elementary School Foreign Language Teaching.

Foreign Language Annals 24(4): 328-29.
Finocchiaro, M., and Brumfit, C.  1983.  The functional-notional approach: From

        theory to practice.  New York: Oxford UP.

Genesee, F.,  1992.  Second/Foreign language immersion and at-risk English-speaking

        children.  Foreign Language Annals, 25, 3, 199-213.

Ghosen, irma K.  1997.  ESL With Children's Literature: The Way Whole Language

        Worked in One Kindergarten Class.  English Teaching Forum (July): 15-19.

Hesse, M. G., ed. 1975. Approaches to Teaching Foreign Languages. Amsterdam: North

        Holland; New York: American Elsevier.

Hornby, P. A.  1980.  Achieving second language fluency through immersion education.

     Foreign Language Annals, 13, 107-113.

Hymes, Dell. 1974.  Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach.

        Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Johnson, K. and MORROW, K. E.  1979.  Approaches.  Cambridge University Press.

Jourdain, Sarah.  1998. Building Connections to Culture: A Student-centered

        Approach.  Foreign Language Annals, 31, 3, 439-50.

Krashen, S. D., and Terrell, T. D.  1983.  The Natural Approach.  Englewood

       Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Krashen, S. D., and Terrell, T. D.  1983.  The Natural Approach: Language

        Acquisition in the Classroom.  Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and principles in Language Teaching.

        89-106, 137-158.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Maxim, Hiram H.  1998.  Authorizing The Foreign Language Student.  Foreign

        Language Annals, 31 (3): 407-30.

Nelson, R. J.  1972.  Culture and culture: An integrsted, multidisciplinary approach

        to foreign language requirements.  Modern Language Journal, 56, 210-217.

Nunan, D.  1988.  The Learner-Centered Curriculum.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Nunan, David.  1995.  Language Teaching Methodology: A textbook for teachers.

     Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall International.

Oller, John W., Jr. and Patricia Richard-Amato (Eds.).  1983.  Methods That

        Work.  Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

Ostyn, P., and Godin, P.  1985.  Ralex: An alternative approach to language

        teaching.  Modern Language Journal, 69, 346-354.

Richards, J. C. and T. S. Rodgers.  1986.  Approaches and Methods in Language

        Teaching: A Description and Analysis.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Sternfeld, S.  1988.  The applicability of the immersion approach to beginning

        college foreign language instruction.  Foreign Language Annals, 21, 221-226.

Stevick, Earl W.  1980. Teaching Languages: A Way and Ways.  Rowley, MA:

        Newbury House.

Stevick, Earl W.  1980. A way and ways.  Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

Terrell, T. D. 1977. A natural approach to the acquisition and learning of language.

        Modern Language journal 61: 325-336.

Terrell, T. D.  1982. The natural approach to language teaching: an update. Modern Language Journal

        66 (2): 121-131.

Terrell, T.  1986.  Acquisition in the natural approach: The binding/access

        framework.  Modern Language Journal, 70, 213-227.

Tudor, I.  1997.  Learner-Centredness as Language Education.  Cambridge:

        Cambridge UP.

1994.  Teaching by principles: Interactive Language Teaching Methodology.

        New York: Prentice Hall Regents.

¡@

Techniques

[ Listening ] [ Speaking ] [ Reading ] [ Writing ] [ Grammar ] [ Vocabulary]

[ Assessment ] [ Feedback ] [ Overall ] [ Others ]

¡@

Listening ]

Anderson, A. and Lynch, T.  1988.  Listening.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Berne, Jane E.  1998.  Examining The Relationship Between L2 Listening Research,

        Pedagogical Theory, and Practice.  Foreign Language Annals 31 (2): 169-90.

Blau, E.  1990.  The Effect of Syntax, Speed and Pauses on Listening Comprehension.

     TESOL Quarterly 2 (44): 746-752.

Chein, Ching-ning.  1998.  The Strategy Use in Listening Comprehension For EFL Learners

in Taiwan. RELC JOurnal 29 (1): 66-91.
Dunkel, P.  1986.  Developing listening fluency in L2: Theoretical principles and pedagogical

        considerations.  Modern Language Journal, 70, 99-106.

Field, John.  1997.  Notes on Listening: Variability and Assimilation.  Modern English

        Teacher, 6 (1): 51-52.

Field, John.  1997.  Notes on Listening: Authenticity.  Modern English Teacher 6 (3): 49-51.

Flowerdew, J. and Tauroza, S.  1995.  The effect of discourse markers on second language lecture

        comprehension.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17, 435-58.

Heike, A. E.  1981.  Audio-lectal practice and fluency acquisition.  Foreign Language Annals,

        14, 3, 189-194.

Katchen, J.  1995.  "Listening Journals: A way to Enhance Students' Listening Strategies."

        Paper presented at the 21th annual ROC TEFL Conference, at Tunghai University,

        Taiwan.

Mendelson, and Rubin.  1995. A Guide for the Teaching of Second Language Listening.

        Dominie P.

Mueller, G. A.  1980.  "Visual contextual cues and listening comprehension: An experiment."

     Modern Language Journal, 64, 335-340.

Numrich, Carol.  Face the Issue.  Pearson Education.

Porter, D., and J. Roberts. 1981. Authentic listening activities. ELT Journal 36 (l): 37-47.

Richards, J.  1983.  Listening Comprehension: Approach, Design, Procedure.  TESOL

        Quarterly, 17 (2): 219-240.

Rost, M.  1990. Listening in Language Teaching.  London: Longman.

Rost, M.  1991. Listening in Action: Activities for Developing Listening in Language

        Education. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall International.

Stanley, J. A. 1978. Teaching listening comprehension. TESOL Quarterly 12(3): 285-296.

        Underwood, M.  1989. Teaching Listening.  London: Longman.

Ur, P.  1984. Teaching Listening Comprehension.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Weinstein, Nina.  Whaddaya Say.  Pearson Education.

White, Goodith.  1998.  Listening.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Xiao, Haozhang.  1997.  Tape Recorders, Role-Plays, and Turn-Taking in Large EFL

        Listening and Speaking Classes. English Teaching Forum (July): 33-35.

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¡@

[Speaking ]

Bardovi-Harling, K., B. S. Harford, R. Mahan-Taylor, M. J. Morgan, and D. W. Reynolds.

1991.  Developing Pragmatic Awareness: Closing the Conversation.  ELT Journal

45: 4-15.

Brown, A.  Ed.  1991. Teaching English Pronunciation: A Book of Readings.  London:

        Routledge.

Brown, A. Ed.  1992. Approaches to Pronunciation Teaching.  London: MacMillan.

Byrne, D.  1986. Teaching Oral English (2nd edn.).  London: Longman.

Byrne, D.  1987. Techniques for Classroom Interaction.  London: Longman.

Cheng, Fangzhi.  1998.  The Teaching of Pronunciation to Chinese Students of English.

     English Teaching Forum (Jan/March): 37-39.

Dlugosz, D. W.  1997.  Teaching Foreign Pronunciation Using Native Language Vocabulary.

Modern English Teacher 6 (1): 69.
Dornyei, Z. and Thurrell, S.  1992.  Conversations and Dialogues in Action.  Hemel

        Hempstead: Prentice Hall International.

Ellis, N.  1996.  Sequencing in SLA: Phonological Memory, Chunking, and Points of Order.

Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18: 91-126.
Fanselow, J.  1977.  The treatment of error in oral work.  Foreign Language Annals, 10, 4.

Forseth, R.  1991.  Conversation Class: How to Keep Your Students Talking (in English).

     ELIC Teaching 8: 35-44.

Haozhang, Xiao.  1997.  "Tape Recorders, Role-Plays, and Turn-Taking in Large EFL

        Listening and Speaking Classes." English Teaching Forum (July): 33-35.

Klippel, F.  1984. Keep Talking: Communicative Fluency Activities for Language Teaching.

        Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Maurice, K.  1983.  The fluency workshop.  TESOL Newsletter, 17, 4, 29.

Nation, P.  1989.  Improving speaking fluency.  System, 17, 3, 377-387.

Okita, Yoshio.  1999.  Teaching Pronunciation.  English Teaching Forum (Jan./March): 17-

        21.

Porter-Ladousse, G. and Noble, T.  1991.  "Oral Presentations: Group activity or one-man

        show?"  English Teaching Forum. 29, 2, 31-2.

Postovsky, V.  1974.  Effects of delay in oral practice at the beginning of second language

        learning.  Modern Language Journal, 58, 5-6.

Rudder, Michael E.  1999.  Eliciting Student-Talk.  English Teaching Forum (April/ June): 24

        -25.

Sun, Z.  1990.  Using "Case Studies" in Oral-English Classes.  English Teaching Forum 28

(4): 27.
Taylor, Barry P., and Nessa Wolfson.  1978.  Breaking Down the Free Conversation Myth.
TESOL Quarterly 12 (1): 31-39.
Tench. P.  1981.  Pronunciation Skills.  Bookman Books, LTD.

Tool, D.  1992.  Teaching Large Conversation Classes Without Media Aids.  English Teaching

Forum 30 (2): 32-33.
Ur, P.  1981.  Discussions that work.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Ur, P.  1984. "Getting younger learners to talk 1, 2, 3."  Practical English Teaching.

        4, 4, 23-4; 5, 1, 16-18; 5, 2, 15-16.

Wang, R.  1990.  Focusing On Oral Communication Competence.  English Teaching Forum

28 (1): 36-38.
Wang, Y.  1991.  Teaching Oral English: Problems and Solutions.  ELIC Teaching 8: 31-34.

Wong,R.  1993.  Pronunciation Myths and Facts.  English Teaching Forum 31 (4): 45-46.

Yule, G. and P. Hoffman and J. Damico.  1987.  Paying Attention to Pronunciation: The Role

of Self-monitoring in Perception.  TESOL Quarterly 21 (4): 765-768.
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[Reading ]

Aebersold, J. and M. Field.  1997.  From Reader to Reading Teacher: Issues and Strategies

For Second Language Classroom.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Ahmad, K., Corbett, G., Rogers, M. and Sussex, R.  1985.  Computers, language learning, and

        language teaching.  New York: Cambridge UP.

Anderson, N. J.  1994.  Developing active readers: a pedagogical framework for the second

        language reading class.  System, 22, 2, 177-94.

Anderson, Neil.  1999.  Exploring Second Language Reading: Issues and Strategies.  Boston:

, 73/2:135-49.
McMahon, M. L.  1983.  Development of reading-while-listening skills in the primary grades.
 
      RRQ, 19, 1, 38-52.

McMahon, Maureen.  1999.  Are We Having Fun Yet? Humor in the English Class.  English

Journal (March): 70-72.
Meyer, B. J. F., Brandt, D. M., and Bluth, G. J.  1980.  Use of top-level structure in text: Key

        for reading comprehension of ninth-grade students.  Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 72-103.

Meyer, R. M., and Tetrault, E. W.  1988.  Getting started: Reading techniques that work from

        the very first day.  Foreign Language Annals, 21, 423-431.

Nuttall, C.  1996.  Teaching Reading Skills in A Foreign Language.  Oxford: Heinemann.

Oakhill, J. and Garnham, A.  1988.  Becoming a skilled reader.  Oxford: Blackwell.

Rozakis, L. E.  1995.  21th Century Guide to Increasing Your Reading Speed.  Dell Pub. Co.

Samuels, S. j.  1979.  The method of repeated readings.  The Reading Teacher, 32, 403-408.

Stanovich, K. E.  1980.  Toward an interactive-compensatory model of individual differences

        in the development of reading fluency.  Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 32-71.

Taglieber, L. K., Johnson, L. L., and Yarbrough, D. B.  1988.  Effects of pre-reading activities

        on EFL reading by Brazilian college students.  TESOL Quarterly, 22, 3, 455-472.

Williams, R.  1986.  ""Top Ten" principles for teaching reading." ELT Journal.  40, 1, 42-5.

Wipf, J. A.  1984.  Strategies for teaching second language comprehension. Foreign Language

        Annals, 17,

Carrell, P. L., Devine, J. and Eskey, D. E. (eds.)  1988.  Interactive Approaches to Second

        Language Reading.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Carrell, P. L., B. G. Pfaris, and J. C. Liberto.  1989.  Metacognitive strategy training for ESL

        reading.  TESOL Quarterly, 23, 647-678.

Casanave, C. P.  1988.  Comprehension monitoring in ESL reading: a neglected essential. TESOL

        Quarterly, 22, 2, 283-302.

Davey, E.  1983.  Think aloud: Modeling the cognitive process of reading comprehension.

        Journal of Reading, 27, 44-47.

Davies, F.  1995.  Introducting Reading.  London: Penguin English.

Davis, C.  1995.  Extensive reading: an expensive extravagance?  ELTJ, 49, 4, 329-36.

Day, R. R., and J. Bamford.  1998.  Extensive reading in the second language classroom.

        New York: Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

De Leeuw, E.W.  1990.  New ed Read better, read faster.  Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Geva, E.  1983.  Facilitating reading comprehension through flow charting. Reading Research

        Quarterly, 28, 384-405.

Greenwood, J. 1988.  Class readers.  Oxford: OUP.

Grellet, F.  1981.  Developing Reading Skills.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Hafiz, F. M. and Tudor, I.  1990.  Graded readers as an input medium in L2 learning.

        System, 18, 1: 31-42.

Harkin, P.  1998.  Acts of Reading.  Prentice Hall

Harri-Augstein, S., Smith, M., Thomas, L.  1982.  Reading to learn.  London: Methuen.

Hedge, T.  1985.  Using Readers in Language Teaching.  Bookman Books, LTD.

Hyland, K.  1990.  "Purpose and strategy: teaching extensive reading skills."  English Teaching

        Forum.  28, 2, 14-17.

Irwin, J. W., and I. Baker.  1989.  Promoting active reading comprehension strategies: A

        resource book for teachers.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Johnson, P.  1982.  Effects on reading comprehension of building background knowledge.

        TESOL Quarterly, 16, 503-516.

Kern, R. G. 1989.  Second language reading strategy instruction: its effects on

        comprehension and word inference ability.  Modern Language Journal, 73/2:135-49.

Laufer, B. and Sim. D. D.  1985.  Taking the easy way out: Nonuse and misuse of contextual

        clues in EFL reading comprehension.  English Teaching Forum, 23, 2, 7-10, 22.

McMahon, M. L.  1983.  Development of reading-while-listening skills in the primary grades.

     RRQ, 19, 1, 38-52.

McMahon, Maureen.  1999.  Are We Having Fun Yet? Humor in the English Class.  English

Journal (March): 70-72.
Meyer, B. J. F., Brandt, D. M., and Bluth, G. J.  1980.  Use of top-level structure in text: Key

        for reading comprehension of ninth-grade students.  Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 72-103.

Meyer, R. M., and Tetrault, E. W.  1988.  Getting started: Reading techniques that work from

        the very first day.  Foreign Language Annals, 21, 423-431.

Nuttall, C.  1996.  Teaching Reading Skills in A Foreign Language.  Oxford: Heinemann.

Oakhill, J. and Garnham, A.  1988.  Becoming a skilled reader.  Oxford: Blackwell.

Rozakis, L. E.  1995.  21th Century Guide to Increasing Your Reading Speed.  Dell Pub. Co.

Samuels, S. j.  1979.  The method of repeated readings.  The Reading Teacher, 32, 403-408.

Silberstein, S.  1994.  Techniques and resources in teaching reading.  New York: OUP.

Stanovich, K. E.  1980.  Toward an interactive-compensatory model of individual differences

        in the development of reading fluency.  Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 32-71.

Taglieber, L. K., Johnson, L. L., and Yarbrough, D. B.  1988.  Effects of pre-reading activities

        on EFL reading by Brazilian college students.  TESOL Quarterly, 22, 3, 455-472.

Van Parreren, C. F. and Schouten-van Parreren, M. C.  1981.  Contextual guessing:

        a trainable reader strategy.  System, 9, 235-241.

Williams, R.  1986.  ""Top Ten" principles for teaching reading." ELT Journal.  40, 1, 42-5.

Wipf, J. A.  1984.  Strategies for teaching second language comprehension. Foreign Language

        Annals, 17, 345-348.

Zamel, V.  1992.  Writing one's way into reading.  TESOL Quarterly, 26, 3, 463-85.

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¡@

[Writing ]

Applebee, a. N., and Langer, J. A.  1983.  Instructional scaffolding: Reading and writing as

        natural language activities. Language Arts, 60, 168-75.

Boyle, O., and Peregoy, S.  1990.  Literacy scaffolds: Strategies for first- and second-language

        readers and writers. The Reading Teacher, 44, 194-199.

Byrne, D.  1988. Teaching Writing Skills (2ed edn.).  London: Longman.

Gaffield-Vile, Nancy.  1998.  Classroom Ideas: Creative Writing in the ELT Classroom.

        Modern English Teacher 7 (3): 31-35.

Hedge, T.  1988. Writing.  London: Longman.

Hickey, Thomas J., and Aimee E. DeCoste.  Building Bridges: Connecting High School and

Elementary School Through Short Story Writing.  English Journal (September): 75-

78.

KAMEEN, P. T.   1978.  A Mechanical, Meaningful and Communicative Framework for ESL

        Sentence Combining Exercises.  TESOL Quarterly, 12, 4.

Krashen, S. D.  1984.  Writing: Research, theory and applications.  New York: Prentice Hall.

Kumaravadivelu, B.  1995.  The Author Responds.  TESOL Quarterly 29 (1): 177-80.

Leki, I.  1991.  "Teaching second language writing; where we seem to be."  English Teaching

        Forum, 29, 2, 8-11, 26.

Lee, Icy.  1998.  Enhancing ESL Students' Awareness of Coherence-creating Mechanisms in

        Writing.   TESL Canada Journal 15 (2): 36-49.

Lee, Icy.   1998.  Peer Reviews in A Honk Kong Tertiary Classroom.  TESL Canada Journal

15 (1): 58-69.
Orr, Mike.  1998.  Writing, Not Boring!  Modern English Teacher 7 (3): 36-37.

Raimes, A.  1983. Techniques in Teaching Writing.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Robb, T. N., S. Ross and I. Shortreed.  1986.  Salience of feedback on error and its effect on

        EFL writing quality.  TESOL Quarterly, 20, 83-95.

Schleppegrell, M.  1984.  Using inout methods to improve writing skills.  System, 12, 287-292.

Sengupta, Sima.  1998.  From Text Revision to Text Improvement: A Story of Secondary

        School Composition. RELC Journal 29 (1): 110-37.

Shi, Ling.  1998.  Effects of Pre-writing Discussions on Adult Students' Compositions.

Journal of Second Language Writing 7 (3): 319-45.
Shi, Ling.  1998.  Negotiated Interaction In Teacher-led Versus Peer Group Adult ESL

        Discussion.  TESL Canada Journal 16 (1): 54-74.

Smith, F.  1982. Writing and the Writer.  London: Heinemann.

Spack, R. "Invention Strategies and the ESL College Composition Student.' TESOL

        Quarterly 18 (1984): 649-670.

White, R. V. and Arndt, V.  1992.  Process Writing.  London: Longman.

Zamel, V. 1982. Writing: the process of discovering meaning. TESOL Quarterly. 16(2):

        195-210.

Zamel, V.  1985.  Responding to student writing.  TESOL Quarterly, 19, 1, 79-101.
 
 

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¡@

[ Grammar ]

Arevart, S.  1989.  Grammatical change through repetition.  RELC Journal, 20, 2, 42-60.

Bardovi-Harlig, K., and Reynolds, D. W.  1995.  The Role of Lexical Aspects in the

        Acquisition of Tense and Aspect.  TESOL Quarterly 29: 107-131.

Bardovi-Harling, K.  and Zoltan Dornyei.  1998.  Do Language Learners Recognize Pragmatic

Violations? Pragmatic Versus Grammatical Awareness in Instructed L2 Learning.

TESOLQuarterly 32 (2): 233-62.

Bygate, M., Tonkyn, A. and Willians. E. (eds.)  1994.  Grammar and the Language Teacher.

        Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall International.

Celce-Murcia, M. and Hilles, S. L.  1988.  Techniques and Resources in Teaching Grammar.

        New York: Oxford UP.

Dickins, P. and Woods, E.  1988.  Some criteria for the development of communicative

        grammar tasks.  TESOL Quarterly, 22, 623-646.

Eisenstein Ebsworth, Miriam, and William C. Schweers.  1997.  What Researchers Say and

        Practitioners Do: Perspectives On Conscious Grammar Instruction n the ELS Classroom.

        Applied Language Learning 8( 2): 237-60.

Fotos, S. S. and Ellis, R.  1991.   Communicating about grammar: A task-based approach.

     TESOL Quarterly, 25, 605-628.

Fotos, S. S.  1994.  Integrating grammar instruction and communicative language use

        through grammar consciousness-raising tasks.  TESOL Quarterly, 28, 323-351.

Frank, C. and M. Rinvolucri.  1987.  Grammar in Action Again.  Hemel Hempstead: Prentice

        Hall International, in association with Pilgrims.

Goodey, N.  1997.  Grammar practice and presentation in context. English Teaching

        Professional, 5, 7-8.

Harmer, J.  1989.  Teaching and Learning Grammar.  London: Longman.

Hughes, Rebecca and McCarthy, Michael.  1998.  From Sentence To Discourse: Discourse

Grammar and English Language Teaching.  TESOL Quarterly 32 (2): 263-87.
Johnson, K.  1988.  Mistake correction.  ELT Journal, 42, 2, 89-95.

Nunan, David.  1998.  Teaching Grammar In Context.  ELT Journal 52 (2): 101-9.

Paulston, C. B. 1971. The sequencing of structural pattern drills. TESOL Quarterly 5/3: 197-208.

Schulze, Mathias.  1998.  Checking Grammar-teaching Grammar.  Computer Assisted Language

Learning 11 (2): 215-27.
Storch, Neomy.  1998.  A Classroom-based Study: Insights From A Collaborative Text

        Reconstruction Task. ELT Journal 52 (4): 291-300.

Swetnam, W. Browder.  1999.  Grammar Notebooks as Learning Tools. English Teaching

Forum (April/ June): 25-26.
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[Vocabulary ]

Brown, D.  1974.  Advanced vocabulary teaching: The problem of collocation.  RELC Journal,

        5, 2, 1-11.

Carter, R. and McCarthy, M.  1988.  Vocabulary and Language Teaching.  London: Longman.

Coe, Norman.  1997.  Vocabulary Must Be Learnt, Not Taught.  Modern English Teacher

6 (3): 47-48.
Gnoinska, Anna.  1998.  Teaching Vocabulary in Colour.  English Teaching Forum (July/
September): 13-15.
McCarthy, M.  1990. Vocabulary. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Nation, I. S. P.  1990. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary.  New York: Newbury House.

Kelly, P.  1990.  Guessing: No substitute for systematic learning of lexis.  System, 18, 199-207.

Laufer, B.  1990.  Ease and difficulty in vocabulary learning: Some teaching implications.

       Foreign Language Annals, 23, 2, 147-155.

Richards, J. C.  1976.  "The role of vocabulary teaching."  TESOL Quarterly.  10, 1, 77-89.

1974. Word lists: problems and prospects. RELC Journal 5(2): 69-84.

Sanaoui, R.  1995.  Adult learners' approaches to learning vocabulary in second languages.

        Modern Language Journal, 79, 15-28.

Twadell, W. F. 1973. Vocabulary expansion in the ESOL classroom. TESOL Quarterly

        7 (1): 61-78.

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[ Assessment ]

Alderson, Charles J. and Caroline Clapham.  1995.  Assessing Student Performance in the ESL

Classroom. TESOL Quarterly 29 (1): 184-87.
Alderson, C., Clapham, C. and Wall, D.  1995.  Language Test Construction and Evaluation.

        Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Alderson, J. C.  1979.  The cloze procedure and proficiency in English as a second language.

        TESOL Quarterly, 13, 219-227.  Reprinted in Oller (1983: 205-218).

Bachman, L. F.  1985.  Performance on cloze tests with fixed ratio and rational deletions.

        TESOL Quarterly, 19, 3, 535-555.

Bachman, L. F.  1990. Fundamental considerations in language testing.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

DeVincenzi, Felicia.  1995.  Examining Standardized Test Content: Some Advice for Teachers.

TESOL Quarterly 29 (1): 180-84.
Farhady, Hossein. 1982. Measures of language proficiency from the learner's A perspective. 

        TESOL Quarterly 16(1): 43-61.

Hayward, T.  1983.  "Teaching Spoken English: An Introduction."  Practical English Teaching 4,

        2, 37-9.

Heaton, J. B.  1990. Classroom Testing.  London: Longman.

Homburg, Taco. 1984. Holistic evaluation of ESL compositions: can it be val-idated

        objectively? TESOLQuarterly 18:87-107.

Hughes, A.  1989. Testing for Language Teachers.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Jonz, J.  1976.  Improving on the basic egg: The multiple choice cloze test.  Language Learning,

        26, 255-265.

Lombardo, L.  1984.  "Oral testing: getting a sample of real language."  English Teaching Forum

        22, 1, 2-6.

Long, M. H.  1984.  Process and product in ESL program evaluation.  TESOL Quarterly,

        18 (3): 409-25.

Lopez, Cheryl L, Champeau de, Marchi B. Giancarla, and Maria E Arreaza-Coyle.  1997.  A

Taxonomy: Evaluation Reading Comprehension in EFL.  English Teaching Forum

(July): 20-26.3

McNamara, M. and D. Deane.  1995.  Self-assessment activities: toward autonomy in language

        learning. TESOL Journal, 5, 1, 17-21.

Messick, S.  1994.  The Interplay of Evidence and Consequences in the Validation of

        Performance assessment. Educational Researcher (March): 13-23.

O'Malley, M. and L. Valdez Pierce.  1996.  Authentic Assessment for English Language Learners.

        New York: Addison Wesley.

Oller, J. W., Jr.  1972.  Scoring methods and difficulty levels for cloze tests of proficiency in

        EFL.   Modern Language Journal, 58, 151-158.

Pacek, Dorota.  1996.  Lessons to Be Learnt From Negative Evaluation.  ELT Journal 50 (4):

335-43.
Parretti, Lorena.  1998.  Oral Exams in the Classroom.  Modern English Teacher 7 (2): 40-41.

Read, John.  Assessing Vocabulary.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Purcell, Edward, and Richard Suter. 1980. Predictors of pronunciation accuracy: a

        reexamination.  Language Learning 30:271-87.

Smolen, L., C. Newsman, T. Wathen and D. Lee.  1995.  Developing student self-assessment

        strategies. TESOL Journal, 5, 1, 22-26.

Underhill, N.  1987. Testing Spoken Language.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Wade, S.  1990.  Using think alouds to assess comprehension.  The Reading Teacher, 43, 442-

        451.

Weir, C.  1990. Communicative Language Testing.  Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall

        International.
 
 
 

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¡@

Feedback ]

Beretta, A.  1986.  Program-fair language teaching evaluation.  TESOL Quarterly, 20, 431-434.

Day, R. R., N. A. Chenoweth, A. E. Chun, and S. Luppescu.  1984.  Corrective feedback in

        native-nonnative discourse.  Language Learning, 34 (l): 19-45.

Fanselow, J. F. 1977. The treatment of error in oral work. Foreign Language Annals 10: 583-593.

Hyland, Fiona.  1998.  The Impact of Teacher Written Feedback on Individual Writers.

Journal of Second Language Writing 7 (3): 255-86.
Jacobs, George M., Andy Braine Curtis, and Su-Yueh Huang.  1998.  Feedback on Student
Writing: Taking the Middle Path.  Journal of Second language Writing 7 (3): 307-17.
Johnson, K.  1988.  "Mistakes correction."  ELT Journal, 42, 2, 89-96.

Leki, I.  1991.  "The preferences of ESL students for error correction in college-level writing

        classes."  Foreign Language Annals (New York).  24, 3, 203-18.

Zamel, V.  1985.  "Responding to student writing."  TESOL Quarterly, 19, 1, 79-101.
 
 
 

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Overall ]

Ashworth, M.  1985. Beyond Methodology.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Atkinson, David.  1993. Teaching Monolingual Classes.  Longman.

Cross, David. Practical Handbook of Language Teaching.  Cassell.

Doff, Adrian.  1988.  Teaching English: Teacher's workbook.  London: Cambridge UP.

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Dunn, Opal.  1984.  Developing English with Young Learners. Bookman Books, LTD.

Gebhard, Jerry G.  1996.  Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language.  Ann Arbor:

U of Michigan P.
Grant Neville. Longman Keys to Language Teaching Series.  Longman.

Grosse, C. U.  1991.  The TESOL methods course.  TESOL Quarterly, 25, 1, 29-49.

Grundy, P. 1994.  Beginners.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Hadfeild, J.  1992.  Classroom Dynamics.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Johnson, K.  1995.  Language Teaching and Skill Learning.  Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Krashen, S. D., and Mclntosh L. Eds.  1979.  Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language.

Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
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Larsen-Freeman, Diane.  1986.  Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching.  New York:

        Oxford UP.

Liu, Dilin.  1995.  Comments on B. Kumaravadivelu's "The Postmethod Condition: (E)merging

Strategies for Stecond/Foregin Language Teaching."  TESOL Quarterly 29 (1): 174-

77.

Longman Handbooks For Language Teachers.  Longman.

Lu, L.  1987.  Different Ways for Different Circumstances. English Teaching Forum (July):

32-33.
N. S. Prabhu.  1987.  Second Language Pedagogy.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Phillips, S.  1993.  Young Learners.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Prabhu, N. S.  1987.  Second Language pedagogy.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Revell, J.  1979.  Teaching Techniques for Communicative English.  Bookman Books, LTD.

Richards, J. C., and Lockhart, C.  1994.  Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms.

Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Scott, W. A. and Ytreberg, L. H.  1990.  Teaching English to Children.  London: Longman.

Scrivener, J.  1994.  Learning Teaching: A Guidebook for English Language Teachers.  Boston:

        Heinemann.

Stevick, Earl W.  1989.  Sucess with Foreign Languages.  Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall.

Ur, Penney.  1999.  A Course in Language Teaching: Trainee Book.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Vale, D. and Feunteun, A.  1995.  Teaching Children English.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Walz, J.  1989.  Context and Conceptualized Language Practice in Foreign Language

        Teaching. Modern Language Journal 73 (2): 160-68.

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[ Others ]

Brandes, D. and P. Ginnis.  1986.  A Guide to Students-Centered Learning.  Oxford: Basil

        Blackwell.

Briton, Donna M. and Christine Holten.  1997.  Into, Through and Beyond.  English Teaching

Forum (October).
Chamot, A.  1995.  Creating a community of thinkers in the ESL/EFL classroom.  TESOL

        Matters, 1, 4.

Corbett, S. S. and W. F. Smith.  1984.  Identifying Student Learning Styles: Proceed with

        Caution. Modern Language Journal 68: 212-21.

Cooper, Thomas C.  1998.  Teaching Idioms.  Foreign Language Annals 31 (2): 255-96.

Foss, K. A. and Reitzel, A. C.  1988.  A relational model for managing second language

        anxiety.   TESOL Quarterly, 22, 437-454.

Gearing, Karen.  1999.  Helping Less-experienced Teachers of English To Evaluate Teachers'

        Guides.   ELT Journal 53 (2): 122-27.

Gottlieb, M.  1995.  Nurturing student learning through portfolios. TESOL Journal, 5, 1, 12-14.

Hadfield, Jill.  1992.  Classroom Dynamics.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

McCoy, I.  1979.  Means to overcome the anxieties of second language learners.  Foreign

        Language Annals, 12, 185-189.

Phillips, Diane, Sarah Burwood, and Helen Dunford.  1999.  Projects with Young Learners.

        Oxford: Oxford UP.

Prodromou, L. 1992. Mixed Ability Classes.  London: Macmillan.

Standford, Gene.  1990. Developing effective classroom groups.  Bristol: Acora Books.

Tang, Gloria M.  1997.  Pocket Electronic Dictionaries For Second Language Learning: Help

        or Hindrance? TESL Canada Journal 15 (1): 39-57.

Tremblay, P. F. and R. C. Gargner.  1995.  Expanding the motivation construct in language

        kearning.  Modern Language Journal, 79, 505-518.

1981.  Effects of humanistic techniques on the attitude, cohesiveness, and self-concept of

        foreign language students.  Modern Language Journal, 65, 2, 149-157.

1994.  100 Ways to Enhance Self-Concept in the Classroom.  Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

1996.  Ten commandments for motivating language learners.  Paper presented at TESOL, Chicago.

¡@

Strategies

[ Audio-visual materials ] [ Games/Role Plays/Dramas ] [ Music ] [ Stories ]

Audio-visual materials ]

Chung, J. M. and S. C. Huang.  1998.  The Effects of Three Aural Advance Organizers For

Video Viewing in A Foreign Language Classroom.  System 26 (4): 553-65.
Farrell, Thomas.  1998.  Using TV "Soaps" For Listening Comprehension.  Modern English
Teacher 7 (2): 42-45.
Garza, Thomas.  1991.  "Evaluating the Use of Captioned Video Material In Advanced

        Foreign Language Learning." Foreign Language Annals, 24, 239-258.

Graber, D. A.  1990.  "Seeing is Remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from

        television news."  Journal of Communication, 40, 134-155.

Grimes, T.  1991.  "Mild auditory-visual dissonance in televsion news may exceed viewer

        attentional capacity." Journal of Communication Research, 18, 268-298.

Henessey, J. M.  1995.  "Using foreign films to develop proficiency and to motivate the foreign

        language student." Foreign Language Annals, 28, 116-120.

Herron, C. A. and J. Hanley.  1992.  "Using Video to Introduce Children to a Foreign

        Culture." Foreign Language Annals, 25, 419-26.

Joiner, E.  1990.  Choosing and using videotexts.  Foreign Language Annals, 23, 1, 53-64.

Scollon, Ron.  1999. Cultural Codes for Calls: The Use of Commercial Television in Teaching

        Culture in the Classroom.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Secules, T., C. Herron, and M. Tomasello.  1992.  "The Effect of Video Context on Foreign

        Language Learning." Modern Language Journal, 76, 480-490.

Stempleski, S., and B. Tomalin.  1990.  Video in action: Recipes for using video in language

        teaching.  London: Prentice Hall International.

Summerfield, Ellen.  1993. Crossing Cultures Through Film.  Intercultural P.

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Games/Role Plays/Dramas ]

Al-Arishi, Ali Yahya.  1994.  Role-play, Real-play, and Surreal-play in the ESOL Classroom.

ELT Journal 48 (4): 337-46.
Carels, P. E.  1981.  Pantomime in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals,

        14, 407-411.

Donahue, M. and A. Parsons.  1982.  The use of roleplay to overcome cultural fatigue.  TESOL

        Quarterly, 16, 359-65.

Dougill, J.  1987.  Drama Activities for Language Learning. Bookman Books, LTD.

Hadfield, J.  1984. Elementary Communication Games.  London: Nelson.

Maley, A. and Duff, A.  1988. Drama Techniques in Language Learning.  Cambridge:

        Cambridge UP.

Porter-Ladousse, Gillian.  1987.  Role Play. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Piper, T.  1984.  Putting Reality into Role Play.  TESL Canada Journal 1: 29-34.

Rinvolucri, Mario and Paul Davis.  1995.  More Grammar Games.  Cambridge: CUP.

Robinson, P. G.  1981.  Role-playing and Class Participation.  ELT Journal 35 (4): 384-6.

Schwartz, Susan.  1997.  "At the Beginning and the End: Two 'Memorable' Activities."

English Teaching Forum (July): 35-37.
Ur, P.  1984. Teaching Listening Comprehension.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Wessels, C.  1987. Drama.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Wong, C.  1983.  Roleplays in the English Classroom.  English Teaching Forum 21: 43-4.

Wright, A., Betteridge, M. and Buckby, M.  1984.  Games for Language Learning.

        Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
 

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Music ] 
Dubin, F.  1974.  Pop, rock and folk music: An overlooked resource. English Teaching Forum,

        12, 3, 1-5.

McDonald, D.  1984.  Singing can break the conversation barrier. English Teaching Forum, 22,

        1, 35.

Murphey, Tim.  1992.  Music and Song.  Oxford: Oxford UP.

Richards, J. C.  1969.  Songs in language learning.  TESOL Quarterly, 3, 2, 161-174.

Sanderson, Paul.  1998.  Music and Songs in the Classroom:  Making Choices.  Modern English

  Teacher7 (2): 35-39.

 
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Stories ]

Morgan, J., and Rinvolucri, M.  1983.  Once upon a time: Using stories in the language classroom.

        Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Peck, J.  1989.  Using storytelling to promote language and literacy development. The Reading

        Teacher, 42, 138-141.

Wilhelm, Kim H. and Tom H. Wilhelm.  1999.  Oh, the Tales You'll Tell.  English Teaching

Forum (April/ June): 27.
 
 
 
 

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